Science Writer & Researcher
Jasvitha Mandava is a final-year B.Pharmacy student with research experience in pharmaceutical sciences. She has multiple Scopus and Web of Science-indexed publications and serves as an Editorial Executive at OPF. Her interests include drug development, analytical research, and scientific writing.
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex and dynamic ecosystem composed of malignant cells, immune infiltrates, stromal elements, and vascular components that collectively influence tumor initiation, progression, immune escape, and therapeutic response. Traditional bulk transcriptomic approaches obscure this complexity by averaging gene expression across heterogeneous cell populations.
(DCTs) are redefining how pharmaceutical studies are designed, conducted, and analyzed by moving away from traditional site-centric models toward patient-centric, digitally enabled trial ecosystems.
Ageing is accompanied by a gradual decline in physiological functions, among which deterioration of the immune system termed immunosenescence—has profound implications for human health.
Biologics have transformed the management of chronic and life-threatening diseases such as cancer, autoimmune disorders, and metabolic conditions. However, their complexity, high production costs, and limited affordability continue to challenge healthcare systems worldwide.
Animal models have traditionally served as the cornerstone of drug safety evaluation; however, major translational challenges persist due to interspecies differences in physiology, metabolism, and genetic regulation. Many compounds demonstrating favorable toxicity profiles in animals later fail during human trials or are withdrawn post-marketing due to unforeseen adverse effects, especially hepatotoxicity and cardiotoxicity (Lee et al., 2025).
The gut microbiomeover 100 trillion microorganisms, communicates with the brain via the gut–brain axis, influencing mood, cognition, immunity, and stress regulation. Dysbiosis is linked to depression, anxiety, autism spectrum disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases, emphasizing its critical role in mental and neurological health.
Healthcare is changing faster than ever before. Thanks to breakthroughs in artificial intelligence (AI), genomics, and wearable technology, medicine is entering the era of smart health, where data, devices, and biology work together to create care tailored to the individual.
