
Sickle Cell Diagnosis: Tests, Results & Interpretation
How is sickle cell disease diagnosed? See the laboratory tests used to identify haemoglobin variants and understand common sickle cell results.
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How is sickle cell disease diagnosed? See the laboratory tests used to identify haemoglobin variants and understand common sickle cell results.

Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the world's deadliest infectious diseases, claiming over a million lives each year. TB is the deadliest infectious disease known today, claiming more lives than COVID-19. TB is caused by the bacterium Mycobacterium tuberculosis. TB spreads through the air when infected people breathe, cough, sneeze,

Animal models have traditionally served as the cornerstone of drug safety evaluation; however, major translational challenges persist due to interspecies differences in physiology, metabolism, and genetic regulation. Many compounds demonstrating favorable toxicity profiles in animals later fail during human trials or are withdrawn post-marketing due to unforeseen adverse effects, especially hepatotoxicity and cardiotoxicity (Lee et al., 2025).

Understand how liver function tests assess liver health, what ALT, AST, bilirubin, ALP, albumin, and GGT measure, and why these blood tests matter.

Let's talk about Type 2 diabetes, its symptoms, risk factors, diagnosis, and the laboratory tests, including HbA1c and blood glucose, that help detect and monitor the condition.

Stem cell therapy research is a promising area of interest for a number of scientists working to understand Parkinson’s disease and develop treatments for it. Read below to learn more about the advancements of stem cell therapy for Parkinson’s.

The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex and dynamic ecosystem composed of malignant cells, immune infiltrates, stromal elements, and vascular components that collectively influence tumor initiation, progression, immune escape, and therapeutic response. Traditional bulk transcriptomic approaches obscure this complexity by averaging gene expression across heterogeneous cell populations.

How does one egg form? Inside the fruit fly ovary, discover how cells organize, migrate, and cooperate to turn an egg chamber into one egg—step by step

Cell and gene therapies represent a seismic shift in healthcare. They promise to cure the incurable, restoring sight to the blind and erasing cancer from the blood. But this frontier is wild. It comes with biological price tags, potential genetic misfires, and a regulatory landscape that is still being mapped.

Understanding the human brain remains one of the greatest challenges in modern science. With billions of neurons forming intricate networks and constantly changing connections, the brain’s complexity makes it extremely difficult to study directly.

A Full Blood Count (FBC) is a blood test that measures different types of blood cells and related parameters, including red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets, haemoglobin, haematocrit and red blood cell indices. It can help healthcare professionals investigate conditions such as anaemia, infection, inflammation and certain blood disorders.

HIV testing is the process of determining whether a person has been infected with human immunodeficiency virus. Depending on the test, HIV testing can detect antibodies produced by the immune system, the HIV p24 antigen, or HIV RNA. Different tests have different detection window periods, and a reactive screening result requires appropriate follow-up testing before an HIV diagnosis is established.

See how the PSA blood test works, what causes elevated PSA levels, and how this important laboratory test supports prostate health and early cancer detection.

I have debunked certain myths surrounding diabetes and explained what it is in a way that is relatable and understandable to my readers. Upon reading the article, you will learn more about your body and what to look out for as well as the importance of routine checks in the lives of an individual.

Learn how the leading cause of death worldwide activates the immune system and how making a few lifestyle changes can decrease your risk of severe chronic disease.

How the fruit fly egg chamber reveals the secrets of cell migration and offers powerful insights into cancer metastasis and future therapies.

Lithium-ion batteries are the most popular type of rechargeable battery in use today. They power many of the devices we rely on daily, including mobile phones and electric vehicles. These batteries are lightweight,

A future without transplant waitlists? Tissue engineering blends biology and engineering to build living, functional human tissue.

This architecture is essential for shielding neurons from toxins, pathogens, and fluctuations in the bloodstream, but it also creates a devastating bottleneck for modern medicine. More than 98% of small-molecule drugs and nearly all large biological therapeutics fail to cross the BBB in meaningful amounts, leaving many promising treatments for neurodegenerative disorders, brain tumors, and inflammatory diseases stranded in the circulation.

Cells constantly sense signals from their environment and convert them into internal actions through biochemical signalling pathways.