Showing results for: "function" (51 results)
Haploinsufficient genes show how losing one gene copy can affect brain development, increasing risk for neurodevelopmental disorders and behaviour changes.
A future without transplant waitlists? Tissue engineering blends biology and engineering to build living, functional human tissue.
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a complex and dynamic ecosystem composed of malignant cells, immune infiltrates, stromal elements, and vascular components that collectively influence tumor initiation, progression, immune escape, and therapeutic response. Traditional bulk transcriptomic approaches obscure this complexity by averaging gene expression across heterogeneous cell populations.
Cells can be understood as highly coordinated systems in which DNA functions as a comprehensive but inert blueprint, requiring precise interpretation to become biologically active. Gene expression depends on regulatory proteins that orchestrate transcription across time and space.
What if one of the most powerful models for understanding the human brain were less than an inch long, transparent, and living in a small tank? Meet Danio rerio, the zebrafish.
Vancomycin is an essential glycopeptide antibiotic used to treat life-threatening infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria, particularly Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). It functions by inhibiting bacterial cell-wall synthesis and is still the most potent drug to be used when others fail (Patel, Preuss, & Bernice, 2023).
Animal models have traditionally served as the cornerstone of drug safety evaluation; however, major translational challenges persist due to interspecies differences in physiology, metabolism, and genetic regulation. Many compounds demonstrating favorable toxicity profiles in animals later fail during human trials or are withdrawn post-marketing due to unforeseen adverse effects, especially hepatotoxicity and cardiotoxicity (Lee et al., 2025).
Natural polysaccharides like locust bean gum and chitosan are replacing lactose as safer, more effective carriers for inhaled medications and vaccines.
Tiny but powerful, basement membranes support cells, regulate barriers, and drive disease when disrupted—key players in health, aging, and cancer.
Ageing is accompanied by a gradual decline in physiological functions, among which deterioration of the immune system termed immunosenescence—has profound implications for human health.
Alzheimer’s is a progressive neurological disorder with classic clinical symptoms such as dementia, cognitive decline, and behavioural changes, particularly in the ageing population.
Wound healing is a complex and dynamic biological process that occurs through four overlapping phases: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and maturation. To repair tissue damage, the body works intensively, thereby significantly increasing cellular metabolic demands.
Modern physics often assumes that the complexity we observe in the universe reflects an underlying complexity in its fundamental structure. Fields, particles, forces, and geometries are typically introduced as independent components, each carrying its own degrees of freedom.
Nanotechnology is having a big impact on pharmaceutical sciences, and drug delivery systems are one area where this is most evident. Compared to conventional medication delivery methods, nanoparticles provide a number of benefits, including increased effectiveness and fewer adverse drug reactions.
The gut microbiomeover 100 trillion microorganisms, communicates with the brain via the gut–brain axis, influencing mood, cognition, immunity, and stress regulation. Dysbiosis is linked to depression, anxiety, autism spectrum disorders, and neurodegenerative diseases, emphasizing its critical role in mental and neurological health.
Depression has affected humans for hundreds of years. Symptoms can include persistent feelings of sadness, sleep disturbances, anxiety, and a loss of interest in social activities. Science doesn’t yet fully understand the causes and effects, but here’s what we do know: the brain is a powerful organ, and it is capable of change. Made up of a wide network of connections, it relies on chemicals, electrical impulses, and billions of neurons. Let’s explore how brain science
Explaining The Reciprocity Between Your Brain and Your Belly For the past decade, the scientific community has increased its focus on mental health disorders including anxiety, depression,
Environmental endocrine disruptors (EEDs) are natural and synthetic chemicals that interfere with endocrine system function by altering hormone synthesis, transport, metabolism, and receptor binding.
Imagine being able to control a computer, a prosthetic limb, or even a drone just by using your thoughts. This is not science fiction; it is now a reality thanks to brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). BCIs are groundbreaking systems that enable direct communication between the brain and external devices.
Symptoms of anxiety disorders can interfere with daily life activities, such as performance at work, being in social gatherings, and relationships. In severe cases of anxiety, there might be a feeling of intense fear in common situations, a preference for isolation, or a refusal to leave their homes
